Onychomycosis (onychomycosis) on the leg is a disease that develops caused by nails with dermatophytes (up to 96%), less often and yeast breeds (about 4%).Infections often spread from the foot of the feet with the prolonged mycosis.Here it finds favorable conditions to develop - increase moisture and nutrients.Under the influence of pathogens, the structure is disturbed and the color of the nails changes.Over time, their complete destruction occurs.
Onychomycosis is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious disease, which can be detected in time and fully treated under the supervision of a dermatologist.
The fungus on the foot is recorded by millions of people around the world.About 5% of the total population is onychomycosis.The most widely disease is common in people from 50 - 60 years.Each second person is sick in this age group.The treatment of pathology is difficult for them due to the presence of SOMA disease, mainly blood vessels and endocrine.Men are sick more often than women.Elderly people get sick more often than young people.Children rarely suffer, mainly suffer from serious diseases.With AIDS, this disease has a typical picture.
Onychomycosis pathogens
The cause of onychomycosis disease on the foot is different mushrooms: dermatophytes, mushrooms or mush mushrooms like a separate yeast or in a combination.
- Dermatophytes mushrooms account for 90% of the total onychomycosis.They are represented by mushrooms of Trichophyton (usually T. Rbrum and T.mentagrophytes Var. Interigitale).Typically, the nails on the feet are affected by Trichophyton Rugbrum.Dermatophytes is popular in countries with mild climates.
- Mushrooms like yeast of the Candida Ohomycosis on the legs rarely cause.They account for about 3% of the total onychomycosis.In addition to Candida Albicans, mushrooms such as tropical S., S. Parapsilosis and S. Guilliermondii also cause disease.
- Most mushrooms cannot cause nail mushrooms themselves.Only some of their species are independent pathogens - this is Scytalidium hyalinum and S. Dimidiatum (Nattrassia Magniferee), no less about the ability to cause disease to Dermatophytes cells.Onychomycosis on the legs are molds such as Scopularopsis Brevicaulis, Aspergillus spp.et al.Infection is the most common in countries with hot and humid climates - tropical and subtropical.
Epidemiology of the disease
Most onychomycosis diseases are Anthropophilic infections.They are sick and infected mostly human.
Dermatophyte mushrooms
Dermatophyte mushrooms and sources of mushrooms are a sick person who is transmitted with direct contact or his personal belongings.The infection almost always extends to the nails on the feet with the affected feet, the disease proceeds both clearly and secretly (deleting mycosis forms).The risk of infection increases continuously when there is a disease in one of the family members.
The fungus is transmitted through shoes, clothes, files and infections to make nails, carpets, linen, towels, towels, etc. ... The infection occurs when the bathroom is shared, in the bathroom, sauna, swimming pool, gym and on beaches.It contributes to the penetration of the mushrooms into the foot by walking barefoot in common areas.The pathogens live for a long time on wooden floors and floors.
Yeast
The fungi like the yeast of the Candida limb is a biological biological system and always lives on a person's skin.A good immune system is limited by the development of pathogens.Eat more antibiotics, birth control pills, glucocorticoids and cyties, endocrine diseases (usually diabetes) and some diseases that depleted the immune system.The fungus explodes through the nails from the skin and mucous membranes of the patient, or into the human body with products infected with carbohydrate.
Mold
The mold lives in the soil.Their dispute falls into products, objects and environmental objects.Nedimatophytes does not spread between people.
Risk factors for the development of the disease
For mushrooms, Dermatophytes is characterized by genetic tendencies, male gender, old age, blood vessels, diabetes, immunodeficiency, increased sweat, nail trauma and the presence of other skin types.
Fungal infections like the yeast of the Candida Chi are characterized by increased temperature and humidity, immunodeficiency state, hyperglycemia, nail lesions and does not correspond to personal hygiene rules.
For mold infections, serious immunodeficiency and nail injuries are characteristic.
Groups are at risk
The risk group for the development of onykhomycosis includes:
- People constantly use dressing rooms, shower, sauna, etc.
- Professional athletes (swimming athletes, football players, athletes, etc.).
- Military staff and other groups of people use exclusive shoes.
- Male face.
- Old age more than 60 years old.
Contribute to the growth of mushrooms on the legs:
- Wear tight, tight shoes.
- Increase sweating or dry legs.
- Injury and abrasion of nails, scratches of feet, nails grow upside down, etc.
- The accommodation in the climate is wet and hot.
- Walking in public places.
- The presence of skin diseases in which keratinization of nails (psoriasis, ichthyosis) is broken.
- Diseases such as diabetes, immunodeficiency status, circulatory disorders of lower limbs, blood disease, corticosteroid, antibiotics and cytology prolonged.
- Genetic trend.
Fleet mushroom development path
There are several ways to penetrate the mushrooms into the nail:
- Far or distance (from the free edge or the side).
- Outside (directly through the foundation).
- Neighboring (group -Gut).
The distance of the invasion of mushrooms
The path of penetrating or far is the characteristic of Ribrum Trichophyton mushrooms.The pathogens are put into the foundation from the free edge (far) or the sub -area (side).The main inflammatory process occurs in the foundation bed, where the cell proliferation occurs.The glue of the skin is on the edge of the freedom to thicken (hypertension), as a result of the lifting and exfoliating (onycholysis).
Moreover, the infection spreads in the direction of the hole and penetrates the foundation, gradually (slow) destroyed.With damage to the matrix, all arthritis occurs.
Hypertension of the nail bed is observed in chronic eczema, psoriasis, warts, flat lichen.
The outline of the spreading fungus
Trichophyton Mentagrophytop Var mushrooms.Interigitale is more aggressive related to the horn structures of other nails compared to other dermatophytes.They mainly affect the outer part of the foundation, causing the development of Onychomycosis white surface.The mushrooms under the influence of keratinaz enzyme punched the floor with mycelium, gradually capturing all layers of the foundation.Mostly 1 and 5 toes are affected.It is the people who suffer the biggest injury of shoes when walking.In the disease, 1 and 4 Intercal folds are affected.
It is believed that the surface of onychomycosis can also be caused by the mushroom-humanatophytes: Acremonium spp.
Mushroom distribution path near
There is a third path of mushroom penetration into a nail sheet - through a close nail roller and a nail bed.Failure begins with the skin in the area of the nail roller, thickening and exfoliating from the nail surface.Moreover, the final part of the matrix and nail beds are related to this process, with the damage that the beds, irregular and cracks appear on the nail.With the penetration of pathogens into the foundation, the nails are opaque white over time.Over time, complete destruction and loss of nails are recorded.It is often found in patients with HIV infected with blood vessels.
Characteristics of damage to fungus like yeast of the Candida Chi
The damage to the fungus of the Candida limb begins with a paronichia - near -roller inflammation (located near the hole).Its edema is recorded, leading to the separation of the epidermis from the surface of the plate.Moreover, free mushrooms fall into the matrix and nail bed, causing nails from the tissue of the finger over time.
Features of damage to fungus by incorpoons
Nail damage for mushrooms is not not secondary.The molds (usually scytalidium spp.) Placed in the affected nails - cracks, the space between oysters of nail beds or deserted ships.Next, hypertension and slow destruction of the development of the foundation.
Clinical forms of onychomycosis on the legs
There are some forms of onychomycosis on the leg:
- Away.
- Sidelight white.
- Closest.
- The total number of dysfunctions.
The submarine is far away on both sides of the leg
This form of disease is the most common.In most cases, the cause of onychomycosis is dermatology, especially Trichophyton Rugbrum.The pathogens through the foundation from the edge of the edge of free and sides.Perenophaeum Hyperkeratosis develops, resulting in a separation of nails from the tissues of the finger (onycholysis), it loses transparency, has white or yellow, begins to shatter.With the development of submarine hyperkeratosis, the nail appears thickening.With the progression of the disease, the center of injury expands towards the hole, as shown by the emerging yellow bands.Over time, the entire nails and matrices are related to the pathological process, over time leading to nourishing and destroying nails.
In the elderly, Tangperkeratosis is pronounced (thickening), onychogrifosis (thickening and deformed in the form of poultry claws) or coilonichia (concave deformation) is often observed.Their nails are often affected by mixed chemical flora - Dermatophytes, mold and even bacteria.
Surface (white) onychomycosis on the leg
Onychomycosis white surface on the leg is the second largest distribution damage.Its causes are mainly Trichophyton Mentagrophytes Var.Interdigitale, penetrating the foundation directly through its upper part, as well as some mushroom-non-hectophytes.Mainly affected by nails on the first finger of the legs, less often - fifth.
At first, white spots and small strips appeared on their surfaces, eventually increasing the surface.Gradually, the color became yellow and lipstick.The surface of the nail becomes loose, rough, chalk, easy to jump out.Thickening and separating from the nail bed does not occur.
The nearychomycosis of the submarine is on the legs
This form of mycosis is rare.He accounted for about 3% of the total onychomycosis.The reason is that the yeast is like yeast of the Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum.Candida nails are gone due to inflammation of the fibromy.It was swollen, acquired red, became brilliant.The epidermis is raised and infection penetrates into the final part of the matrix and nail beds, when it is damaged by beds, irregularly and cracks on the foundation, losing natural glare and clouds are recorded.Gradually, the nails were destroyed, in serious cases disappearing.This form of onychomycosis on the legs is usually found in HIV -infected patients.
The total number of patterns on the legs
This form of onychomycosis is often more developed with a long -term current (chronic course), the common cause of Trichophyton Rugbrum and Candida albicans.At the same time, the nails, beds and matrices are related to the pathological process.Sorry nails occurs due to the development of submarine hypertension.Over time, the nails were destroyed and the new one was affected by the matrix that was not developed or developed poorly.
Types of damage to the nail panels
There are 3 options for onychomycosis disease:
- Normotorophical.
- Hypertrophy.
- Atrophy.
Specific type of disease in the leg
With a type of normalotrophic, infection is located in the upper layers of the foundation.Its thickness and color in the disease does not change, but the spots and stripes can be seen at depth.The color of the nail changes from white to saturated yellow.After a while, the points and stripes are consolidated.The damage area spreads to the entire foundation, excluding the moon.Breaking and cringing is not observed.Sometimes a little loosening of the free edge is recorded.With full treatment, a treatment is possible.
The type of fertility on the foot
This onychomycosis is the most popular.As a result of the development of submarine hypertension, the foundation is significantly thickened, deformed and losing its shine.The nail becomes uneven, dull, and broken gray and broken.The moon area is not affected.The disease is uncomfortable for patients.In elderly patients, the development of onychogrifosis is recorded - the nail thickens, prolonged and bent like a claw of a bird.
Onychomycosis disease atrophy
With a type of onycholithic, the foundation quickly loses the connection from the nail bed, many gaps appear in its layers, it fades, becomes thinner and changes the color to white or white yellow.The surface is still smooth for a long time.Over time, partly destruction occurs.
Signs and symptoms of nail mushrooms
Typically, the change in the nail begins with a free edge (far) or side (side).
Change color.With onychomycosis, the color change of the nail is the first sign of the disease.It becomes opaque, often losing its shine, white or yellow, with overlapping with mold mushrooms - brown, brown, green and even black.
Thick.The increase in the number of horns due to the development of submarine hypertension leads to the thickening of the nail.
Crush and destruction.In the case of the disease due to the result of the important activity of the fungus, the first foundation broke and moreover, over time, completely destroyed.
Characteristics of nail damage with different types of onycomycosis
Damage to nails with different types of fungal diseases has its own characteristics.The main types of pathogens are Trichophyton rubrum (70 - 90%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytop v.interdigitale (8 - 30%).Candida albicans, mold mushrooms, T. Mentagrophytes V.Gypseum, T. Verrucosum, T. Tonsuras and T. Violaceum, Epidermophyton Floccosum, Trichophyton are much less popular.Schonleinii.
Onychomycosis on your feet with rubrophytia
Rubrophtics in the Russian Federation accounts for 70 to 90% of the total Mycoses.The feet in the disease are often the most affected (usually dry-dry).An indispensable satellite of the foot of the foot of the foot is a type of nail on the feet.With Mycosis, the remote onychomycosis often develops, obvious hypertension is characteristic, some fingers on the feet are affected at the same time and often fingers.The disease proceeds without a special subjective feeling.Painful and uncomfortable when wearing shoes occurs with significant hypertension, onichogrifosis and a nail growth.The source of infection is usually in the patient's family.
Typically, related to Onychomycoses is recorded: Trichophyton Rugbrum and Candida albicans, Trichophyton Rugbrum and molds.It is important to evaluate cultural research.
Onychomycosis on the foot with t.Mentagrophytes mushrooms.V.interdigitale
T. Mentagrophytes mushrooms.V.Interdigitale affects the skin of the feet and nails.Epidermophytosis accounts for 10 to 30% of all mycosis diseases.
With the disease, the upper part (back) of the foundation is affected.Onychomycosis's white forms often grow.The pathological process is mainly related to 1 and 5 toes (they have the largest injury with shoes while walking) and the folds of 1 and 4 Inter.Infections occur when using regular bathtubs, bathing, sauna, swimming pool, beach and pool.
Onychomycosis on your feet with mushroom lesions like yeast of the Candida
The form of mycosis on the foot is very rare.It accounts for less than 3% of all onychomycosis.Usually the disease is recorded in people with chronic general candidiasis.Damage to the nail, as prescribed, started with the inflammation of the glass roller near the hole.Its edema is recorded, leading to the separation of the epidermis from the surface of the plate.Moreover, free mushrooms fall into the matrix and nail beds (close -ups), if the grooves, abnormalities and cracks appear on the nails, the loss of natural glare and clouds appear, a brown color is manifested.Gradually, the nails were destroyed, in serious cases disappearing.
Onychomycosis on the legs caused by mold
Plastic mushrooms are filled with a affected nail - cracks, into the spaces between the shells of the nail bed or the deserted ships.Next, hypertension grows and destroys slowly of the foundation, during the process of black dyeing (scytalidium spp.) Or green or gray (Scopularopsis Brevicaulis).
Diagnostic onychomycosis
The diagnosis of onychomycosis is based on data from epidemiological history, clinical images about the disease and data of the research method in the laboratory.
In a microscope test of the material, the nature of the disease (other fungi or pathogens) is established.The determination of mushrooms is set with microbiological testing (material crops on nutritional environment) with the next microscope of pure culture.This process is very effort, success achieved in half of the case.The accurate collection of materials from the affected nail is the key to a successful microbiological study.
Distinguish diagnosis
In just half of the case, the patient has a dermatologist with changes in shape and color of nails that produce fungal diseases.Onychomycosis should be distinguished from eczema, psoriasis, Reitera syndrome, Pachionichia, Daria disease, flat lichen, Norwegian scabies, bacterial damage.