Onychomycosis - Fungal nail lesions. The disease occurs at 5-10% of the population and among other nail lesions is about 30%.
Causes of onychomycosisThe infection of nails occurs mainly in public bathrooms, sauna, swimming pool. Scales with pathogenic fungi, falling into patients with onychomycosis disease, falling to the floor, benches, bars, paths, carpets and rubbish. In high moisture conditions, mushrooms can not only exist for a long time, but also multiply, especially on the wooden bench without paint and the death, making them a strong source of infection.
Typically, onychomycosis is transmitted inside the family when using shoe shoes, towels, towels, not enough to handle the bath after washing, as well as the carpet and the distance in the bathroom. Damage to nails often occur when brushing the dumping hair on the skin.
The appearance of onychomycosis is facilitated by the injury of the nail, especially (in athletes), impaired blood supply for limbs, serious simultaneous diseases (diabetes, immunodeficiency, blood disease).
Onychomycosis is often found in people who have been treated with antibacterial, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive inhibitors. The lesions of the foundations occur second: at first, the mushrooms affect the folds or the base continuously, and then the nail.
Three types of onychomycosis are distinguished worldwide:
Normal,
enlargement
Atrophy.
With a smooth scar of onychomycosis, only the color of the nail changes: In extreme parts, spots and stripes appear, colors change from white to protection. Gradually, the entire nail changes color, maintained, however, the shine and normal thickness.
With a type of hypertrophy, changing colors, nails loss of gloss, become dull, thick and deformed, partially destroyed, especially from all sides. Usually the patient has pain when walking. A typical type of nail mushroom is characterized by a dull gray gray of the affected part of the nail, it is thin and refuses the box; The naked area is covered with loose layers.
We treat mushroomsLocal anti -fungal substances are ineffective with damage to nail panels. Treatment with antifungal ointment, ice cream, solution, and varnishes must be gone first by removing the affected area of nails or using Keratolytic plaster.
Mechanical removal includes cutting or cutting with the bite of the pieces affected by the foundation.
The use of Keratolytic plasters in Onychomycosis treatment allows you to soften your nails, because it is easy to remove and painless from the surface of the nail bed with a scalpel or scissor.
As a keratolytic agent, a drug used, including an ointment containing 1% anti -fungal and Urian agent. The ointment is applied to the surface of the nail and is covered with adhesive and tape. After one day, the areas affected by onychomycosis are cleaned. The processes are done daily until the affected nails are completely removed. In the future, when the nail is affected is removed, the localities are used: varnish against fungal.
In the first month of treatment, a prescribed drug for 6-8 tablets per day (750-1000 mg), the second time in the same dose per day, and then, until the development of healthy nails, 2 times a week. It is taken in 3 doses with one teaspoon of vegetable oil. The treatment time for mycosis brush is 4-6 months, with mycosis of the foot-9-12 and even 18 months.
Treatment by preparing anti -fungal to ensure only 40% of patients. A combination with nail removal increases the percentage of healing. However, a large number of side effects, as well as the high rate of recurrence, limits its use.
For successful and safe treatment for onychomycosis disease, certain rules should be adhered to with all -body antifungal drugs.
First of all, diagnosis should be reliable. The drug should not be prescribed without a laboratory confirmation.
After the diagnosis is done, it is necessary to carefully collect a history of allergies. If simultaneously, drugs or foods that cause allergic reactions or any other symptoms of non -intolerance are detected, they should eliminate their quantities.
For treatment time with systemic antibodies, it is advisable to limit the use of other drugs, except for important.
Prevention and treatmentTo prevent digestive disorders, it is advisable to eliminate products that cause flatulence from food during treatment: black bread, legumes, milk, and cabbage.
Without a small importance is to choose a comfortable shoes both during treatment and after completion. Typically, an improvement in the condition of the nail is clearly affected by the shoe wearing not, because the pollination of the tissues caused by the shoe can cause more severe or away from the nail. Before starting treatment, a study of blood tests should be conducted in general and biochemical tests.
Control exams must be done for the first time after 2 weeks, then 1 time per month. Control microscopy - 6 months after the end of treatment. Determining the fungal of pathogenic fungi acts as a sign for the second treatment process with preliminary surgery surgery for nail surgery.
Prognosis for treatment onychomycosisAlthough the high rate of cure for patients with cancer when using treatment agents, therapy with these drugs does not exclude the use of local antifungal drugs. The combination with the removal of conservative and surgical nails reduces the time of using anti -bacterial agents and increases the effectiveness of treatment.
